Although obesity has been associated with an elevated F/B ( Ley et al., 2006), exercise training has similarly been proven to increase bacterial species within the Firmicutes phyla ( Choi, et al., 2013 Queipo-Ortuno et al., 2013), illustrating the lack of consensus on an optimal F/B proportion. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes compose the vast majority of the bacterial species residing in the human gastrointestinal tract, and as such the relative ratio between Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) has been used as a measure of gut microbiota health (Koliada et al., 2017). The human body contains a vast number of bacteria cells ( Sender et al., 2016) and the composition of bacteria in the gut (i.e., gut microbiota) is linked to a variety of physiological functions ( Sommer et al., 2013) and diseases, such as obesity ( Ley et al., 2006). GI bacteria is integral in regulating a myriad of physiological processes, and greater insight regarding ramifications of exercise and nutrition on gut microbial composition may help guide therapies to promote human health. These data support animal findings, demonstrating a relationship between relative human gut microbiota composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy young adults. VO2max explained ~22% of the variance of an individual’s relative gut bacteria as determined by F/B ratio. Relationships between F/B and potentially related dietary, anthropometric, and fitness variables were assessed using correlation analyses with appropriate Bonferroni adjustment ( p0.004). Relative microbiota composition was determined by analyzing DNA extracted from stool samples using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) that specifically measured the quantity of a target gene (16s RNA) found in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. VO 2max was measured using a symptom-limited graded treadmill test. Twenty males and 18 females (25.7☒.2 y), who did not take antibiotics in the last 6 months, volunteered for this study.
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This was the first study to explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption, VO 2max) and relative gut microbiota composition in healthy young adults in a free-living environment. Animal models have demonstrated a relationship between exercise and gut microbiota composition. (The men on this show are supremely awful.) He blames it on his “bad hand,” but he might have a bigger issue.Bacteria residing in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract has a symbiotic relationship with its host. But it’s not like Bonnie’s planned night of fondue and highbrow conversation was popping off, right? Mitch shows his true colors by groping Bonnie and getting into bed with Christy. Of course, in classic sitcom style, the secret penetrates the evening. Leanne lets it slip that she and Adam had a sexual relationship before she married Mitch. It wouldn’t be a rambunctious night without secrets coming to the surface.
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Nicole Sullivan’s drunken drive-thru scene could save lives.
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Leanne brought a bottle of wine, downs it, and drinks vodka like it’s water. Adam and Mitch fall into their frat boy patterns the second Bonnie opens the front door. When a pair of recovering alcoholics have more decorum than an esteemed Hollywood director and his wife, then you know something’s amiss. Photo Credit: Mom/CBS, Acquired From CBS Press Express
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(Is it just me or are we all this excited for Pratt’s episode? I’m expecting full support on this.) As a married couple with a flair for partying, Whitford and Sullivan go for the Emmy with performances as unhinged as their characters’ actions. But the latest episode’s double whammy of comedy veterans served as a primer for what’s sure to be the guest appearance to end all guest appearances.
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Of course, we’re counting down the days until series star Anna Faris’ husband, Chris Pratt, makes his long-anticipated guest appearance. It’s exactly what Mom needed going into the new year.
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Bradley Whitford ( The West Wing) and Nicole Sullivan ( MADtv, The King of Queens, and the lesser known but equally awesome Rita Rocks) join the cast for a whirlwind of comedy chaos.